Another rule is that I must pick one shot and only one shot.  This means I need to go through my shots until there is one left. Often this can be quite tricky as I may like several shots.  This exercise, however, teaches me to find flaws in my photos.  Until I realize these flaws, I won’t know how to improve.

This weekend I was presented with an interesting dilemma.  I had photographed during lunch by my office that day and had taken a number of photos.  That evening, I sat down with my wife and kids to select that day’s photo.  After a bit of culling, it came down to two shots.

Red Leaf by Joseph Calev

At first glance, the first photo seemed the best to me.  I rather liked the pattern caused by the missing part of the lea.  I wasn’t crazy about the gleam on the left of the shot or the fact that the right most “point” is off the photo.  In addition some of the points are more OOF than I would prefer.  Still, I thought it deserved being the shot of the day.

My wife preferred the second shot.  She couldn’t narrow it down, but really liked it.  The funny thing about the shot is I took just this one, then moved on.  When I looked at it in the viewfinder it didn’t look like anything special.  Typically I wait until it is downloaded on my machine before deciding whether to delete it.  Upon examining it on my machine it escaped deletion (I delete around 70% of my shots each day) but I wasn’t keen on using the shot.

In terms of criticizing the shot, I am not crazy about the blown out highlights, but most of all it didn’t really impress me as being that unusual.  The first shot tells a bit more of a story.  There used to be a leaf with this shape and some insect had a snack – leaving the outer edge of the leaf (which evidently must not have been as tasty).

In the end, my wife preferred this shot and I had already published the following shot a few days earlier.

Imagination by Joseph Calev

As I try to do something different each day, I went with my wife’s suggestion and published the red leaf.

The next morning, I awoke to a ton of e-mails and my first 100 vote photo!  I find it rather intriguing how so many people liked this photo but it has now reached the rare echelon of photos my wife wants me to print.

The next day, I let my wife make the full decision.  She chose this photo, which promptly received not a single vote or comment.

Calligraphy by Joseph Calev

For the record, I and my older son preferred this shot, which in retrospect I probably should have made the photo of the day.  It’s not a great shot, but I have a feeling it would have at least received one vote.

So what have I learned from this experience? What seems obvious is you never know how some photos will be received.  Everyone judges photos differently and there will always be someone who hates a particular shot.

Going forward I will continue to listen to the opinions of my wife and kids.  At times I will let their choice trump mine, while at other times when I am more sure of myself I will make the choice.  One thing with the Red Leaf photo is my wife really, really liked it.  So perhaps the lesson is when someone really likes a photo, it is best to pay attention.

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There are a number of stacking applications out there, but what sets Zerene Stacker apart is its ability to align photos.  This is critical for insect photography as most photos are hand held.  This means that the chances that they will perfectly align are practically nil.

Zerene Stacker is extremely easy to use, though it does contain an impressive list of options.  It also contains a very powerful retouching feature that allows one to explain from which image to take different parts of the final image.  This is extremely useful in a number of cases, though with care I have found that it is often not necessary.  Typically I use the retouching feature when I specifically do not want a particular part of the final image to be in focus.  Often this is for artistic reasons.  I want the insect to be in focus but not this part of a leaf, etc.

There’s a common expression that a picture is worth a thousand words, so without further ado I’ll show you what it can do.

The following are three unedited photos of a stink bug I took recently.

As you can see, each of these images has a different part in focus.  The image at the top has only the antenna in focus.  The image in the middle has the face and the front of the body in focus, while the one on the bottom has the top of the shell.

Also note that they are not completely aligned.  In particular the bottom image is quite a bit off.  Nevertheless, I brought all three of these images into Zerene Stacker and then stacked them using PMax.  The following is the result, which also includes some post processing to make the shot a bit more interesting.

As you can see, most of the stink bug is now in focus.  The entire post processing for this photo, including the following, took only a few minutes.

1. 1) Stack the photos using Zerene Stacker.
2. 2) Exposure and slight contrast change in Lightroom.
3. 3) Tonal contrast (to insect only) using Nik Color Efex in Photoshop CS5.
4. 4) Removed dust spots.

This shot would not have been possible to take otherwise – there is simply too much depth of field (the original shots were all taken at f11).

One other small point to note is you can see at the very bottom of the shot that there is a part that looks slightly different.  This effect is an unfortunate side effect that occurs when Zerene Stacker aligns the photos.  To combat this issue you need to try to take the shots as aligned as possible.  Also, make sure that no important visual elements are on the edges.  Usually, I just crop this part out but if I feel it is important I will just use content aware fill in CS5 – which does a good job with these.

Of course, it can still be tricky to get several workable shots that can then be combined with Zerene Stacker.  One must pay particular attention to the parts of the insect in the shot.  As one moves in closer or farther to focus on a nearer or further part of the insect, very often part of the insect will leave the frame.  The trick is to still keep the same parts of the insect in the frame while changing the area of focus.

This technique is even more important at higher magnifications.  Due to diffraction at high magnifications, if you need a very high quality shot you will need to stop down quite a bit.  On a 5D2, the MP-E 65 does show diffraction at 5x at f11.  This can be noticed on an 8×10 shot, though not enough to overly detract from the shot.  If one needs to crop the shot though or create larger prints, then the lens will need to be stopped down to f5.6.  At this aperture, the DOF is miniscule and focus stacking is a necessity.

For these reasons, I believe Zerene Stacker is an essential tool for any serious insect photographer.

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Recently while attempting (unsuccessfully) to photograph several water striders in a pond, I came across several ants that appeared to be swimming in the water.  Well, it didn’t look exactly like they were swimming as they certainly had a tough time of it – but likewise they did not appear to be drowning.  So can ants swm?

After noticing this phenomenon, I was rather curious whether ants can swim and whether they regularly do so.  For the most part, they don’t.  However, recently scientist have found a species that can actually swim and does so in the mangrove forests of northern Australia.

While ants can’t actually swim, most of them do float.  For this reason, it is rather difficult to drown an ant.  My six year old can attest to this as he has already tried to do this numerous times with the carpenter ants that used to inhabit our backyard.

The two ants that I took the time to photograph floundered quite a bit in the water.  They moved their legs rapidly but didn’t really seem to make any progress.  Nevertheless, they did not appear to be in any danger of drowning.  I am not exactly sure how they wound up in the water in the first place, but my suspicion is they were on a leaf or thin branch on a tree above that then fell in the water – or perhaps they blew off of one of the tall blades of grass near the water.

The first ant I photographed eventually reached land and climbed up and went on its way.  The second ant was still floundering in the water when I left.  I was a bit curious whether one of the nearby water striders would attack it, but they scattered quickly from the area when I approached.  Water striders are extremely difficult to photograph up close because they can obviously sense tiny vibrations.  They also seem to have rather good eyesight and to date I have only been able to photograph them using longer lenses.

Still, I did not see them attack either of the ants.  It is difficult to say whether they were scared of me or felt an ant would have been too difficult of a prey, or more likely I didn’t spent enough time waiting.

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This particular image is a focus stack from two images.  I have been working a bit more with focus stacking using Zerene stacker and find it very useful – in particular for someone like me who does not have a lot of time.

Dandelion seeds can actually be rather tricky to photograph.  I usually find that more than 1:1 magnification is required so I use my MP-E 65 anywhere from 1:1 to 2:1.  Generally the seeds do not stay still so a flash is required.  It can be quite tricky though getting the seed in your viewfinder and in focus as they tend to sway quite a bit in the wind – causing the seed to come in and out of my viewfinder.

This swaying further complicates getting a good set of images for a focus stack.  The only way I have found to combat this so far is by taking a number of images.  After taking a good number of shots, I am able to evaluate them right on the camera so the majority of the shots never see Lightroom.

The above shot was taken closer to 1:1 so you can see the magnification difference.  It also suffered from extreme swaying and due to the number of seeds involved I was not able to take a set that worked well enough for focus stacking.  Still, I rather like the shot though my wife says I needed to ‘add’ one more seed to make it an odd number.

Using flash with dandelion seeds can also be a bit tricky.  The problem is the dandelion makes up only a small part of the image so the camera will often overexpose through the flashes.  This tends to cause the seed to be blown out.  The best way to compensate for this is to dial the flash back.  I often dial my MT-24EX back between –1 1/3 to –2.

This image I liked better as I was creating it than I like the final product.  The image I wanted was successfully executed – doing a multiple image focus stack so all of the seeds are in focus.  However in this case I believe the seed head is exceptionally ugly and really distracts from the shot.  The seed head looks rather old and stale.  Still, I think it is an idea worth exploring more – perhaps with a full head of seeds.

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In truth, sand dollars look quite a bit different when they are still alive.

These two sand dollars were found at Kopachuk State Park, where it’s literally impossible to not find a sand dollar.  They can be found in the thousands there and in places it is difficult to walk without stepping on one.

This one appears to be Echinarachnius parma, or the Common Sand Dollar.  Interestingly, sand dollars are either female or male – just like other animals and insects.  Even more interestingly, sand dollars are one of the first creatures found to use cloning as a means for self defense.  The sand dollar will deliberately break of parts of itself that are small enough for predators to not bother them.

Taking a look at the sand dollars on the beach, it was very clear upon looking at them that they are truly living – as it appeared something was moving on them.  Of course I had to take a closer look.

All over each sand dollar are thousands of miniscule spines.  These spines direct food to the mouth of the sand dollar.

This is what the spines look like close to 5x.  They are constantly moving and give the sand dollar a ‘glistening’ look.

Here you can actually see that the sand dollar actually has water over it – as the spines barely touch above the thin layer of water that covers the sand dollar.  Without this water the sand dollar would likely dry up and die – becoming one of the white sand dollars we know them as.

Finally, we found some smaller sand dollars.  These ones looked like babies and were found hidden near several much larger sand dollars.

Sand dollars are found throughout the world and are very common.  Still, in just a short time at a beach I learned a lot about an animal I ordinarily do not pay much attention to.

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My goal with this shot was to emphasize the legs coming right out at you – as if they harvestman were about to grab you.  I created several versions of this shot, but this one I like the best – with the body of the harvestman just visible behind. 

For those not familiar with our friend the harvestman, they are not spiders.  They are arachnids, but are in the order Opiliones while spiders are in the order Araneae.  Of course, for the squeamish that isn’t very important.  Most people know the harvestman by the common name “daddy long legs".

In this shot, I tried to emphasize more the geometry of the harvestman.  I spent some time trying to get the legs at the correct angle to form a triangle with the two upper corners.  This is the closest I got.  This particular shot is also a focus stack of two images.  The image wasn’t taken as a panorama – but was cropped to remove some distracting elements from the picture.

This shot is a bit closer to my everyday shots of harvestmen.  I wasn’t too crazy initially with the lighting of this shot as it is one case where I would have preferred to use a tripod and a long exposure to get rid of the black background caused by the flash.  However in this case I warmed up to the lighting as I like the emphasis on the right foot.  There’s actually a very small drop at the end of it that I think is rather cool.

In the future I plan to continue to experiment with harvestmen – coming up with even more original shots.  I hope this will become a common experiment with critters that I have already photographed quite a bit – such as spiders and pill bugs.

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It then occurred to me that the answer was quite obvious.  First, by switching to my 7D instead of my 5D2 I reached an effective magnification (compared to my 5D2) of 8x.  Second, I was curious if my 1.4x extender would work with the MP-E 65 – so I fit it on to give me an effective magnification of 11x.  I decided to ignore the inevitable diffraction and try it out.

After trying it out on the carpet, I decided to find a real subject so I went outside with my contraption.  I quickly found a fly that was temporarily willing to be a still subject – or at least up to 3x when it flew away.

I quickly noticed a number of things about the combo.  For one thing, while hand shooting at 5x is a challenge, when it comes to 11x things take quite a different turn.  Not only is it incredibly difficult getting something to stay still in the viewfinder, but the viewfinder is even darker than usual.  For the first time in awhile I was forced to use the lamps on my MT-24EX just to focus.  While normally the viewfinder is dark at higher magnifications, I can see barely enough to be able to focus.  This wasn’t the case here.  Also, I noticed that the image on the viewfinder itself looked much ‘noisier’.  This was a bit of a surprise and took getting used to.  I’m not sure if it is an effect of the 7D or the 1.4x extender, but the viewfinder quality was definitely worse.

After playing around with the fly I decided to look for a smaller subject.  Aphids on our rose bushes have always proven a challenge.  While they keep relatively still, they are quite small.

For comparison sake, here is an aphid taken at 5x with the 5D2 on the same day.

And here’s a different aphid – even smaller than this one on a different leaf at 11x.

While I was very pleased with the result, there are obvious drawbacks.  FIrst, image quality suffers – which one would expect.  I am honestly not sure how much of this was due to the increased diffraction inherent in the small sensor of the 7D and how much was caused by the 1.4x extender.  I will have to try the extender some time on the 5D2 to get a better idea.

Diffraction, at least, can be combated.  For instance I can take multiple shots at a lower aperture and focus stack them.  I may try this some time with this combo to see what type of quality I can get, but on this particular day I did not have much time.

While I will not go through the lengths to post the 100% crops here (this is not a review blog) I did compare the crops from the 5D2 and the 7D/1.4x combo and it looks like they are roughly equivalent.  In other words, about the same detail is visible from a 5D2 image at 5x blown up to the equivalent size compared to the 7D + 1.4x.  Still, at first sight the 7D + 1.4x certainly looks more impressive!

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It isn’t difficult to find mites whenever taking macro shots.  They are everywhere and you really just have to turn over a leaf that is decaying on the ground to find one.  Photographing one, though.  Well that’s a different story.

Complicating getting a good photo of one of these little buggers are two things.

1) They are extremely small.  The shot above was taken at 5x – and even then I cropped it.

2) They move rather quickly and do not sit still

About a week ago, though, after not finding much anything else to photograph that day, I decided to take my chances.

I spent a good twenty minutes tracking this little mite as it wandered across this leaf.  Most of my shots were blurry – it isn’t easy tracking something at 5x – but unlike past attempts I kept at it and got some decent ones.

Of course, I have absolutely no idea what species this is.  As there are over 45,000 described species of mites and scientists estimate this makes up about 5% of the total species out there, I’m not going to try very hard to figure it out.  Mites are arachnids – just like spiders.  However, they’re not spiders – but are related.

Another interesting fact is that one of the strongest animals on earth is a mite.  It can carry 1182 times its own weight.  I did a quick search on what that would mean, and it’s roughly equivalent to one of us picking up this boat.  Remind me if I’m ever reincarnated as something extremely small, to not mess with a mite.

Of course, most of us know mites as garden pests or waste bin pests.  I doubt this particular one is of any concern as I found it by a trail near my office.  I strongly suspect that these particular mites have a big part in the decomposition of leaves and creation of soil.  In that respect, they’re probably partners (or predators) of our friend the springtail.

So what are the lessons I learned from my little pal the mite?  Well, for one when faced with a difficult subject – take lots of shots.  Also, just because something is difficult doesn’t mean with some patience it’s not possible.  I had numerous opportunities to photograph these in the past, but didn’t bother to have the patience until now.

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This shot was taken a few months ago by the ponds outside my office.  I spent some time photographing one stink bug and when I found another on a different leaf – I figured – why not?

They stayed together for about thirty seconds – but this was long enough to get a decent shot.  They didn’t seem too offended by one another – but soon went their separate ways.

Stink bugs are one of my favorite insects to photograph as they are so colorful.

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From some research on the Internet, I believe this is Tetramorium caespitum, or the standard pavement ant.  They are famous for getting in fights with other colonies, though I do not believe that is what is occurring here.

They are distinguishable from the two spines on its back, which you can see from this shot.  Of course, they are so tiny in real life that you need a good magnifying glass to be able to see them well.

  I took a number of shots of the colony, though I didn’t have a lot of time to stick around there.  It was right next to my work and I felt a bit funny laying on the ground getting these photos while my coworkers were walking by!

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